The set of TMJ disorders are complex and have a variety of underlying causes, not all of which are fully known. It is widely accepted among dental professionals that TMJ disorders can usually be traced back to problems with the joint and the muscles involved in opening and closing the jaw. However, while injury to the jaw area is often seen among TMD cases, many times symptoms may be present without obvious cause.

According to the Academy of Orofacial Pain, the causes of TMD are unclear in large part due to the current theory that the condition is actually the result of several factors working together. Possible contributing factors to inflammation of the temporomandibular joint include:

• Injury to the jaw, including whiplash or stretching due to insertion of a breathing tube
• Teeth clenching and/or grinding
• Arthritis
• Inflammation and/or auto-immune diseases
• Dental procedures
• Hormones
• Genetics

Because TMD symptoms can be so varied and mimic so many other conditions, the most important step in evaluating a possible TMD patient is to make a proper diagnosis. The sooner TMD is accurately diagnosed, the easier it is to treat. However, because of the vast and varied number of possible symptoms, a dentist specially trained in the diagnosis and treatment of TMD is necessary to prescribe the appropriate type of treatment for that particular patient’s needs. A dentist who specializes in the treatment of TMJ Disorder should have extensive advanced/formal education in the field of TMD and orofacial pain, and be board certified and/or residency trained by an accredited body.